A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China from 2011 to 2018

Atmospheric electricity research has been conducted actively in China, having profited from the development and application of high temporal and spatial resolution lightning detection and location technologies. This paper reviews the scientific advances made in the field of atmospheric electricity in China from 2011 to 2018, covering the following five aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques;(2) discharge processes and parameters associated with rocket-triggered lightning;(3) physical processes in natural lightning and attachment to the ground;(4) lightning activities and charge structure in different thunderstorms; and(5) effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere. In addition, some outstanding questions for future research are outlined.     

影视营销对游客旅游决策影响实证分析——以张家界借力《阿凡达》营销为例

以游客旅游决策过程和影视营销基本原理为基础,结合影视营销影响游客旅游决策机理,构建了影视营销对游客旅游决策影响模型和影响效果测评指标体系。以张家界借力《阿凡达》营销为例,研究发现:影视营销对激发游客旅游需要和动机、收集与评价信息以及确定旅游目的地影响效果一般,对游客旅游体验、游后评价、获取影视与旅游目的地相关信息影响效果比较好;区域、市场生命周期和年龄等因素对影视营销影响游客决策效果差异显著。     

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地地区致密砂岩石英溶解作用及其对优质储集层的影响

储集层孔隙成因机制是致密砂岩储集层评价和预测必须解决的基本问题。本文以储集层微观分析为基础,对鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田石炭-二叠系致密砂岩储集层孔隙成因类型及其和优质储集层成因的关系进行了研究。结果表明,研究区致密砂岩储集层中碎屑石英颗粒存在明显的直接溶解现象,并形成了以石英溶解为主的储集空间类型,这种石英溶解是碱性成岩环境作用的结果,致密砂岩储集层的发育程度仍然和孔隙度以及组分的溶解作用有密切关系,碱不稳定矿物的溶蚀量一般为1%~23%,石英溶解型孔隙对储集层孔隙的贡献率一般可以达到60%~90%,碱溶蚀量达到5%以上时有利于优质储集层的形成;石英溶解作用较强的位置主要是颗粒边部的粒间孔隙周围,这种类型的溶解形成于储集层经历较强的压实成岩改造之后,所形成的溶解孔隙在后期的持续性压实过程中损失程度较低;石英溶解作用的强弱决定了储集层物性的最终发育程度以及优质储集层的形成。     

Characteristics of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations During Sea Fog Events

Based on the high-resolution datasets collected in a sea fog field experiment at the northern coast of South China Sea, the variations of liquid water content (LWC) and net longwave radiation flux (NLRF) during two sea fog events on 16th-17th and 18th-19th March, 2008 are exaimeed by wavelet analysis, and the cooling mechanisms for fog formation and persistence are also investigated. The main results are shown as follows. (1) Sea fog may develop and persist whether it is cloudy or not aloft. However, when there is cloud aloft the LWC is less and wind speed in sea fog is higher than that in the clear sky. (2) The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of NLRF are observed in the formation stage of the two fogs. QPOs of LWC are only found in the developing stage no matter with cloudless or cloudy condition. (3) It is likely that sea fog forms by the cooling effects of longwave radiation and develops through the vertical mixing induced by the radiative cooling at the upper level. (4) During sea fog development and persistence, other mechanisms could also play important roles in fog-layer cooling, such as turbulent heat transport and radiation transport between air-sea interfaces.     

不同风格旅游网络地图点状符号有效性眼动实验研究

地图新显示载体的出现,要求制图者不能继续沿用纸质地图符号的设计原则进行符号设计.以旅游网络地图点状符号设计为例,在对单个点状符号进行认知实验的基础上,将符号成图可视化显示,应用眼动跟踪技术,采用统计学的样本标准偏差方法分析被试者阅读地图的眼动数据分布状态,从易学性、地图信息易获取性、易记性等三个指标评估点状符号的有效性,从而得到点状符号设计改进原则,为旅游网络地图设计提供了参考依据.     

基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究

基于旋翼无人机开展大气边界层观测可为气象要素和大气污染物垂直结构的研究提供具有高时空解析能力的新方法,有助于深入理解低层大气物理化学变化机制。本文详述了旋翼无人机在开展大气边界层环境气象垂直观测实验的应用及优势。基于自主研发的旋翼无人机环境气象观测平台,通过开展传感器在无人机上不同的搭载位置,以及旋翼无人机与探空气球、高塔的对比观测实验,明确了旋翼无人机对气象环境观测的影响及合理的搭载方式。研究进一步在湖北重污染天气条件下开展了0—1000 m的大气边界层垂直观测,并研发了基于旋翼无人机姿态数据的大气边界层气象要素及污染物垂直观测的订正方法。结果表明:实验获取了2—10 m垂直分辨率的高质量大气廓线数据,可精细捕捉大气边界层及其逆温层高度和污染物浓度等要素的垂直变化特征。本文旨在为无人机观测的科研应用提供一种技术可行且数据可靠的观测手段。     

甘肃大水金矿区脉岩与成矿关系浅析

大水金矿位于西秦岭南带南亚带南部边缘,处于玛曲—略阳断裂带北侧向南突出的大水弧形构造的弧顶部位。文章简略阐述了矿床地质特征,并从时空、地球化学特征及物源等几方面对矿区脉岩与成矿的关系进行了分析,结果表明：无论在时空分布上,还是热动力条件和成矿物质上,均显示脉岩与成矿具密切成因关系。     

Interpretation of remote sensing of geological structures and prediction of gold mineralization in Mohe area and its adjacent region

The authors took the ETM ＋ multi-spectra data as the data information and correlation coefficient for each band and carried out their information volume statistics. According to certain criteria, the authors also determined the optimum band-combined image. The image clarity is improved by various enhancements and fusions method. Based on remote sensing geological interpretation in detail, the relationship between remote sens- ing geological characters and gold mine were analyzed systemically. Using all kinds of remote sensing structure information, combining other research data, the authors determined mainly ore-controlling ore structure. Several prospective areas of gold ores were determined and furthermore significant finding mine target areas was confirmed.     

一种高效的迭代OFDM频偏估计算法

提出了一种改进的正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）载波频率偏移估计算法并通过MATLAB进行仿真.仿真结果表明算法对小数载波频率偏移估计精度高并且其算法复杂度低.     

北美地区一次冬季中尺度对流系统上空红色精灵现象的空间观测及其母体雷暴分析

红色精灵是发生在雷暴云上空的一种大尺度瞬态放电发光现象,它们通常出现在地面上空40～90 km之间,是由地闪回击和随后可能存在的连续电流产生的。目前,由于综合同步观测资料较少,与夏季红色精灵相比,全世界对冬季红色精灵的研究屈指可数。2008年12月27～28日,受高空槽及低层暖湿气流的影响,北美阿肯色州地区爆发了一次冬季雷暴天气过程,搭载于FORMOSAT-2卫星上的ISUAL（Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning）探测器有幸在这次雷暴上空记录到了两例红色精灵事件。本文利用ISUAL获取的红色精灵观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、美国国家闪电定位资料、超低频磁场数据、美国国家环境中心/气候预测中心提供的云顶亮温和探空数据等综合观测数据,对产生红色精灵的这次冬季雷暴特征和相关闪电活动规律进行了详细研究。结果表明,在两例红色精灵中,ISUAL均未观测到伴随的“光晕（halo）”现象,第一例为“圆柱状”红色精灵,第二例红色精灵由于发光较暗,无法判断其具体形态。产生红色精灵的母体雷暴是一次中尺度对流系统,该系统于27日15:00（协调世界时,下同）左右出现在阿肯色州北部附近,并自西向东移动。23:59系统发展到最强,最大雷达反射率因子（55～60 dBZ）的面积达到339 km2,之后开始减弱。03:03雷暴强度有所增加,随后云体便逐渐扩散,雷暴开始减弱,并在11:00完全消散。两例红色精灵发生分别在04:46:05和04:47:14,此时雷暴处于消散阶段,正负地闪频数均处于一个较低水平且正地闪比例显著增加,并且多位于云顶亮温?40°C～?50°C的层状云区上空。红色精灵的出现伴随着30～35 dBZ回波面积的增加。在红色精灵发生期间,雷达反射率大于40 dBZ的面积减少,10～40 dBZ的面积增加,表明红色精灵的产生与雷暴对流的减弱和层状云区的发展有关,这与已有的夏季红色精灵的研究结果类似。红色精灵的母体闪电为正地闪单回击,位于中尺度对流系统雷达反射率为25～35 dBZ的层状云降水区,对应的雷达回波顶高分别为2.5 km和5 km,峰值电流分别为+183 kA和+45 kA。根据超低频磁场数据估算两个母体闪电的脉冲电荷矩变化（iCMC）分别为+394 C km和+117 C km。超低频磁天线记录到了第一例红色精灵内部的电流信号,表明这例红色精灵放电很强。